Early Acts of Appeasement
The failures of the League of nations
•USA does not join
•Germany joins 1926 - pulls out in 1933 --> because hitler gets in power
•Lack of enforcement (only economic sanctions)
•Too closely linked with the Treaty of Versailles
•Nationalism too strong (big guys don’t want little guys to tell them what to do)
- Germany was self sufficient and did not need people to trade with
•Germany joins 1926 - pulls out in 1933 --> because hitler gets in power
•Lack of enforcement (only economic sanctions)
•Too closely linked with the Treaty of Versailles
•Nationalism too strong (big guys don’t want little guys to tell them what to do)
- Germany was self sufficient and did not need people to trade with
Summary: The main reason the League of Nations failed was because the big powers did not participate, and larger countries did not want the smaller ones telling them what to do.
Japanese Occupation of Manchuria, 1931
•Japan owns South Manchurian railway
•Military operation in 1931 claiming Manchuria (renamed Manchukuo)
•1932 – League’s Lytton commission decides Japan to leave
•Japan quits the league - invades northern China, 1933
•League decides this conflict has no effect on Europe – ignores situation
•Two men in Europe take notice
- Japan quits because if both parties are not in the league, the league is not allowed to intervine
-Hitler and Mussolini see this and realize the league will never stop them
•Military operation in 1931 claiming Manchuria (renamed Manchukuo)
•1932 – League’s Lytton commission decides Japan to leave
•Japan quits the league - invades northern China, 1933
•League decides this conflict has no effect on Europe – ignores situation
•Two men in Europe take notice
- Japan quits because if both parties are not in the league, the league is not allowed to intervine
-Hitler and Mussolini see this and realize the league will never stop them
Summary: Japan decides to occupy Northern China. The legue of nations intervenes. Japan drops out because if both parties are not involved in the League of Nations they are unable to intervene. Hitler and Mussolini both watched as Japan was allowed to keep Northern China.
Italian Occupation of Abyssinia (Ethiopia), 1935
•Italy had interest in colony since 1895
•Mussolini wanted to expand his empire (Imperialism)
•1934 an incident is set up where Italians are killed
•Ethiopia appealed to the league
- Italians staged an attack on itself
•Mussolini wanted to expand his empire (Imperialism)
•1934 an incident is set up where Italians are killed
•Ethiopia appealed to the league
- Italians staged an attack on itself
Summary: Mussolini and the Italians invaded Ethiopia looking to expand the empire. they invade after they stage an attack on themselves, so they have a reason to invade.
The End of the League of Nations
•League does not respond - Italy invades
- Ethiopia holds them off really well
•Economic sanctions threatened by League
•Hoare-Laval plan gives most of Ethiopia to Italy if fighting stopped
•Plan undermines the league
•People lose interest - Mussolini completes conquest
•Signals end of the league (still exists until 1945)
- Ethiopia holds them off really well
•Economic sanctions threatened by League
•Hoare-Laval plan gives most of Ethiopia to Italy if fighting stopped
•Plan undermines the league
•People lose interest - Mussolini completes conquest
•Signals end of the league (still exists until 1945)
Summary: The League of Nations offered Mussolini half of Ethiopia to stop war. People lose interest in the conflict and Mussolini and the Italians eventually take over the whole country.
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