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Three Kings is a movie filmed in 1999 about the ending of the Gulf War and what the USA need to do next. Troy (Mark Wahlberg), Conrad Vig, and Walter start by disarming iraqi soldiers where they find a map in a mans bum. Archie Gates, a special forces officer, who had been selling sex for stories to a reporter earlier, walks in on there meeting and realizes the maps is to where the gold Saddam had had stolen from Kuwait was located. The four then kept the mission on the down low and went to enter the village, retrieving the gold. They didn't leave with just the gold and chose to free a group of iraqi rebel prisoners. They decided to leave as the Iraqi reinforcement came in and they shot gas bombs at the US. Troy was kidnapped throughout this attack and the remaining 3 soldiers and the prisoners they freed went searching for him. He was held captive with Archie and Conrad Vig finding him. Walter was shot and killed, after the rescue of Troy. Archie, Troy and Vig then went on and lead the rebels across the Iranian, Iraqi boarder where they were arrested by the American army. They were however released. All in all the gold got returned to Kuwait who claimed some of it was missing. 

 
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To what extent were the conflicts between Iran and Iraq and Iraq and Kuwait fought over oil resources? To what extent were they religious?

The Iran-Iraq war lasted 8 years through 1980-1988 between Ayatollah Khomeini and Saddam Hussein. The war was started due to the fear that the revolution would spread to Iraq. The Americans were supporting the Iraqis. The war was greatly started due to religion differences, even though they both tried to gain as much territory as possible. George Bush Sr. gathered 30 countries to join a coalition to try and liberate Kuwait. The Kuwait and the Gulf war were greatly about religious differences and were not as much to do with oil. However, Oil wells were blown up, which people had to try and put out for months. The exporting of oil was also put on hold during this time period, with not much export leaving Iraq. Saddam Hussein also broke international law, by using chemical weapons, not only on the Iranians but also on his own people, the Kurds. All in all, both wars were greatly about religion, with oil being an affect of the war. 



 
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What were the outcomes of the four Arab-Israeli wars (War of Independence, Suez Crisis, 6 Days War, Yom Kippur War) and how did this further establish the country of Israel?

With Britain and France controlling the influence in the MIddle East region, and Egypt alining  themselves with the Soviet Union, when Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal there is a dramatic change in influence in the region changing to the USA and the USSR. The change occurred after the French and British made a secret deal with the Israelis to fight first, to allow Jewish people to use the canal. The USA threatened to cut off oil supply resulting in the French and British to back out of the crisis. 

The Six Days War resulted in Egypt planning  an attack on Israel but continuing with the Israelis first strike policy, they caught wind of there plan and attacked first; destroying all their airforce on the ground, meaning the couldn't attack.  They then proceded to take over Golden Heights, West bank and the Sinai Peninsula, but then had to set back as there was a fear they would take over all the Arab nations. They made a deal to give back the land as long as Peace was insured. This war although only lasting six days had the most dramatic affect leading to the Israelis and Egyptians making a peace agreement in the Camp David Accords, which still lasts today.

 
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To what extent did France and Britain make things worse in the Middle East region following World War I? Did the United Nations fulfill its mandate of trying to create world peace?

The breakup of the Ottoman Empire in 1916 resulted in the French and British dividing up the territories of the Middle East into mandates. Arab governments were established in most countries except Palestine as it is home to a variety of religions. Although the French gained some territories the British were ultimately the ones who started and worsened the tensions in the Middle East following World War 1.  These tensions started due to the British promising a homeland for the Jewish people as well as promising the Arabs independence in the region. The promise by the British to make Palestine a jewish homeland was known as the Balfour declaration. In 1918 a huge influx of Jewish people into Palestine fleeing from Europe due to Hitlers rise and the anti-Semitic policys he enforced. The Jewish people were then forced to move out of Palestine greatly based on the their religion. This created the Arab-Israeli conflict still present today. All in all, France was not as involved in creating conflict in the MIddle East post World War 1 as the British who ultimately promised two groups of people the same thing creating many years of conflict. 

    Author

    Nicole Simone Crowley